1,2 Taurine protects tissues from damage caused by overt inflammatory responses in a variety of model systems. Taurine is not incorporated into proteins but plays an important role in several biological processes such as the development of organ systems such as the central nervous system and retina, and physiological functions such as reproduction, calcium modulation, membrane stabilization, and immunity. Taurine is a ubiquitous single amino acid that is a conditional essential amino acid in humans and primates, as well as an essential amino acid for felines. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in physiological fluids and tissues including serum, leukocytes, brain, kidney, and liver. As CpG ODNs may, under some conditions, up-regulate Tregs, addition of Tau-Cl to CpG ODN topical formulations has potential for improving cancer immunotherapy. CpG ODNs and Tau-Cl both have potential for topical treatment of autoimmune conditions, including psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Our findings in a macrophage cell line demonstrate that Tau-Cl inhibits proinflammatory mediators resulting from TLR9 activation, and have implications for the utility of Tau-Cl in scenarios where such activation is deleterious such as in autoimmune conditions or infections in which overwhelming inflammation may occur. Taurine itself had no effects on any of these processes.
#Taurine effects my psoriasis plus
Furthermore, while CpG ODN plus IFN-γ induced TNF-α and iNOS mRNAs, Tau-Cl transiently suppressed this effect. Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein was also induced by CpG ODN plus IFN-γ, and was also inhibited by Tau-Cl. Our findings show that CpG ODN plus IFN-γ-activated RAW 264.7 cells secrete high levels of NO and TNF-α, and that Tau-Cl (0.8 mM) inhibits this effect in a dose-dependent manner, more potently inhibiting the production of NO (99% inhibition) than that of TNF-α (48% inhibition).
Specifically, we examined the effect of CpG ODN plus IFN-γ on the production of NO and TNF-α, and the effect of Tau-Cl on this process. In the current study, we further explored the effects of Tau-Cl in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with the TLR9 ligand CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). We previously demonstrated that Tau-Cl inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α in human and murine macrophages activated with IFN-γ in combination with individual Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands including those for TLR2 and/or TLR4. Taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl) is produced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes via the myeloperoxidase/halide system. AbstractTaurine plays an important role in brain and retinal development, and has an antiinflammatory and antioxidant function.
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